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[bmc]

BMC đang nghiên cứu về đề tài Air Pollution nên cũng mún trao đổi thêm với các bạn , bạn nào bít thì giúp BMC , mùn bìt gì thì hỏi BMC mà BMC bít thi trả lời ngay , không bít thì đi hủi teacher , teacher po tay thì đành chịu hen :)

What is Air Pollution?

Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.

There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health (http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/Frames/pollution-health-effects-f.html) and well-being as well as for the whole environment.

One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke is a good example of this particulate matter . The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "black carbon (http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/Frames/pollution-black-carbon-f.html)" pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quanitites of soot into the air.

Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog (http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/Frames/pollution-outdoor-f.html#smog) and acid rain (http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/Frames/pollution-outdoor-f.html#acid-rain).

Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor (http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/Frames/pollution-indoor-f.html)and outdoor (http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/Frames/pollution-outdoor-f.html) air pollution.

http://www.lbl.gov/Education/HGP-images/air-pollution.jpg

Sorry , toàn English nhưng dễ đọc , các bạn chịu khó hen !

[BNDTEGAK]

hehe, 1 đoạn trong bài essay hùi trước BNDTEGAK làm.... Chắc chắn có nhiều mistake lém... Anh admin và mọi người thông cảm ^^

Because of the important role of air, the air pollution results in the most dangerous consequence.

The reason of polluted air is a great deal of noxious gases such as sulphur dioxide, nitro oxides, clorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and so on. Most of these gases are released when fossil fuels are burned or by some industrial processes. When given off into the air, they will react with clouds and form acid rain, which kills fish and trees and damages buildings.

In addition, we all know that, a layer of gases (mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour) traps some of the sun's heat. Without this greenhouse effect, the Earth would be too cold to support life. However, too much greenhouse gases, such as cacbon dioxide, ethane and CFCs, are released into the atmosphere leads to a large amount of the sun’s heat becoming trapped causing temperature to rise steadily. This is known as global warming.

Beside that, while the ozone layer is a significant factor when it only allows a small part of the sun harmful ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth, CFCs destroy the ozone layer, allowing increased levels of ultraviolet radiation.

hix, bài vừa dài vừa rắc rối....Giờ đọc lại ko hiu3 sao BNDTEGAK viết phức tạp zay ko bít >< ....Chắc đang khìn khìn =P~

[bmc]

hix hix , thua em , seo nó lung tung vậy ???

The gaseous composition of unpolluted air
The Gases Parts / per million (vol)
Nitrogen /756,500
Oxygen /202,900
Water /31,200
Argon /9,000
Carbon Dioxide /305
Neon /17.4
Helium /5.0
Methane /0.97-1.16
Krypton /0.97
Nitrous oxide /0.49
Hydrogen /0.49
Xenon /0.08
Organic vapours /0.02

Indoor air pollution

It refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of air in the indoor environment within a home, building, or an institution or commercial facility. Indoor air pollution is a concern in the developed countries, where energy efficiency improvements sometimes make houses relatively airtight, reducing ventilation and raising pollutant levels. Indoor air problems can be subtle and do not always produce easily recognized impacts on health. Different conditions are responsible for indoor air pollution in the rural areas and the urban areas.

In the developing countries, it is the rural areas that face the greatest threat from indoor pollution, where some 3.5 billion people continue to rely on traditional fuels such as firewood, charcoal, and cowdung for cooking and heating. Concentrations of indoor pollutants in households that burn traditional fuels are alarming. Burning such fuels produces large amount of smoke and other air pollutants in the confined space of the home, resulting in high exposure. Women and children are the groups most vulnerable as they spend more time indoors and are exposed to the smoke. In 1992, the World Bank designated indoor air pollution in the developing countries as one of the four most critical global environmental problems. Daily averages of pollutant level emitted indoors often exceed current WHO guidelines and acceptable levels. Although many hundreds of separate chemical agents have been identified in the smoke from biofuels, the four most serious pollutants are particulates, carbon monoxide, polycyclic organic matter, and formaldehyde. Unfortunately, little monitoring has been done in rural and poor urban indoor environments in a manner that is statistically rigorous.


In urban areas, exposure to indoor air pollution has increased due to a variety of reasons, including the construction of more tightly sealed buildings, reduced ventilation, the use of synthetic materials for building and furnishing and the use of chemical products, pesticides, and household care products. Indoor air pollution can begin within the building or be drawn in from outdoors. Other than nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead, there are a number of other pollutants that affect the air quality in an enclosed space.


Volatile organic compounds originate mainly from solvents and chemicals. The main indoor sources are perfumes, hair sprays, furniture polish, glues, air fresheners, moth repellents, wood preservatives, and many other products used in the house. The main health effect is the imitation of the eye, nose and throat. In more severe cases there may be headaches, nausea and loss of coordination. In the long term, some of the pollutants are suspected to damage to the liver and other parts of the body.

Tobacco smoke generates a wide range of harmful chemicals and is known to cause cancer. It is well known that passive smoking causes a wide range of problems to the passive smoker (the person who is in the same room with a smoker and is not himself/herself a smoker) ranging from burning eyes, nose, and throat irritation to cancer, bronchitis, severe asthma, and a decrease in lung function.


Pesticides , if used carefully and the manufacturers, instructions followed carefully they do not cause too much harm to the indoor air.

Biological pollutants include pollen from plants, mite, hair from pets, fungi, parasites, and some bacteria. Most of them are allergens and can cause asthma, hay fever, and other allergic diseases.

Formaldehyde is a gas that comes mainly from carpets, particle boards, and insulation foam. It causes irritation to the eyes and nose and may cause allergies in some people.

Asbestos is mainly a concern because it is suspected to cause cancer.

Radon is a gas that is emitted naturally by the soil. Due to modern houses having poor ventilation, it is confined inside the house causing harm to the dwellers.

[littleboy_vn88]

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